She chose you because
you listen.
Your visit is short. Her needs aren't: movement, nutrition, sleep, stress, follow-through. Here's what the research says, and how a coordinated team carries your plan between visits.
Done with you, not for you.
You decide how it works in your practice. Nobody owns us, so we can build it around you.
- You decide. Which services, which days, which room, and how involved you want to be.
- We build it with you. Not a box we drop on your doorstep. You oversee every piece, and you can change your mind.
- Nobody owns us. No outside investor sets our rules, so we can shape the model around your practice and your life.
The cost of standing still.
Before we talk about what could change, here's what the research says the current model costs nurse practitioners. Every number links to its source.
Margins, hours and burnout
- In a six-state survey of 1,110 primary care NPs, 26.7% reported burnout, 20.2% planned to leave their job within a year, and 65.8% worked 40 or more hours a week. (Schlak et al., 2023)
- In that same study, NPs in practices with the most structure for care (care management, referral systems, reminders) reported less burnout (19.3% vs 31.4%) and less intent to leave (12.8% vs 33.6%) than NPs in the least-structured practices. That's an association, not proof, but it points the same way we do: structure around the clinician helps. (Schlak et al., 2023)
- Primary care physicians in one study averaged 11.4-hour workdays, with 5.9 hours in the electronic health record, including 1.4 hours outside clinic hours. (Physician data; comparable NP data was not found.) (Arndt et al., 2017)
- 45.2% of US physicians reported at least one symptom of burnout in 2023, and 31.8% worked 60 or more hours a week. (Physician data.) (Shanafelt et al., 2025)
We couldn't find a reliable public figure for NP-owned clinic profit margins, so we left it out. We never invent a number.
What it costs to keep going this way
- Every year inside a system built around codes and visit counts is another year of the double bind: the patient, the insurer, the record and the productivity target, all at once.
- More of your evening goes to the inbox and the chart instead of your family.
- The listening that made her choose you gets squeezed into a visit of about 18 minutes.
Questions worth sitting with
- What would it mean for you to stop charting after your kids are in bed?
- What happens to you, and to your patients, if nothing changes in the next five years?
- If there was a way to add value for patients that didn't start with a code, what would you build?
Diagnose to get paid. Many clinicians feel that weight.
Insurance claims are built around diagnosis codes. You went into this to heal people, and many clinicians tell us they feel conflicted when a patient's care has to start with a code before it can be covered.
- Physicians writing in a medical journal describe this as moral injury: knowing what care a patient needs but being unable to provide it because of constraints outside their control, including insurers, the electronic record and productivity metrics. They locate the problem in the system, not in the clinician. (Dean, Talbot & Dean, 2019; journal commentary, not a research study)
- NPs in practices with more structure for care (care management, referral systems, reminders) reported less burnout and less intent to leave. (Schlak et al., 2023)
Dr. Pat Pachciarz® has spent five years in conversations with doctors, nurse practitioners and wellness pros while building this framework. What follows in quotes is what we hear, not a research finding.
“I want to help her now. But the visit, the code and the claim have to line up first, and that doesn't always sit right with me.”
Another way to add value, alongside your clinical work
- Your clinical work stays as it is. You diagnose, code and bill the way your license, your payers and your own compliance advisors require. We never suggest avoiding, changing or misusing a diagnosis code, and we don't give billing advice.
- An additional path, alongside it. A coordinated network gives you another way to add value that doesn't depend on a diagnosis: education, wellness programs and collaboration with trainers, nutritionists, chiropractors and other pros.
- Cash-pay functional and wellness services are something some NPs choose to offer alongside insurance-based care. Whether and how is your decision, with your own legal and billing advisors.
- Less chasing. Patients arrive through pros they already trust, so you spend less time and money chasing leads, and there's a real ecosystem to refer within.
This is not legal, billing or coding advice. Talk with your own compliance, legal and billing advisors about anything that touches claims or payment.
Where your practice and your life are headed.
“It's not what you do, it's where you're going.”
Before: thin margins, long days, running on empty
- About 1 in 4 primary care NPs burned out, and 1 in 5 planning to leave. (Schlak et al., 2023)
- Workdays that run past clinic hours into the record. (Arndt et al., 2017)
- Short visits for big needs. (Neprash et al., 2023)
- Marketing alone and referring out without hearing back. ()
After: where you're going
- A coordinated team carries your plan between visits, and you hear back.
- Network pros send clinical questions to you, so you stop chasing leads.
- Another way to add value through education, wellness and collaboration, alongside your clinical work.
- Structure around you, built and run with you, so the job fits inside a life.
The “after” describes what the model is built to do, not a promise of results. We describe buying back your time in plain words because we haven't measured it yet. When partners have documented results, we'll show them here with written consent.
What if this was possible?
What if your patients had a whole team between visits, and you didn't have to be all of it?
“If that was possible, I don't even know what I'd do. My life would change.”
What we hear from owners when they picture it.
More time for the people at home. Being there for your kids. Choosing what's next instead of having it chosen for you.
Thinking about selling because you're exhausted? Selling is an irreversible decision, and it's yours to make. Before you make it, see what's possible. No consultant retainer, no equity, and nothing to sign to find out.
Your patients are already looking.
The question isn't whether they want this kind of help. It's where they'll find it. Every number links to its source.
- In a review of 1,016 women with bothersome hot flashes, about half waited more than 6 months to seek care, and nearly 40% had no prescription treatment recorded. (DePree et al., 2023)
- Only 6.8% of family medicine, internal medicine and OB-GYN residents felt prepared to manage menopause, so many women keep looking. (Kling et al., 2019)
- 12% of US adults are currently taking a GLP-1 medication (15% of women). About 1 in 6 users got it from an online provider and 1 in 10 from a medical spa, outside their usual doctor's office. (KFF Health Tracking Poll, Nov 2025; independent opinion poll, not peer-reviewed)
- 37.0% of US adults used telemedicine in the past year (42.0% of women). (CDC NCHS Data Brief 445, 2022; government data, not peer-reviewed)
- 60.2% of US women ages 40 to 59 tried to lose weight in the past year. (CDC NCHS Data Brief 313, 2018; government data, not peer-reviewed)
Most of these are national figures, not numbers about your practice. They show what people are already seeking, often somewhere else.
How much of your work is episodic?
Every number links to its source. Industry and government figures are labeled as not peer-reviewed.
- The average primary care visit lasts about 18 minutes; in a study of 8.1 million visits, the median physician spent a mean of 18.9 minutes per patient. (Physician data; NP-specific figures were not found.) (Neprash et al., 2023)
- Care is scattered: Medicare patients saw a median of 2 primary care doctors and 5 specialists across 4 practices in a year. (Pham et al., 2007)
- Only 6.8% of family medicine, internal medicine and OB-GYN residents felt adequately prepared to manage menopause. Women notice the gap and keep looking. (Kling et al., 2019)
What your patients are living with
- Care delivered by nurses in primary care probably leads to similar or better outcomes than doctor-led care for many conditions, per a Cochrane review of 18 trials. (Laurant et al., 2018 (Cochrane))
- In a national cohort, 13.7% of women developed metabolic syndrome by their final period, with higher yearly odds during perimenopause. (Janssen et al., 2008)
- In 4,440 women, 13.4% reported at least one bad work outcome from menopause symptoms. (Faubion et al., 2023)
- A midlife weight review advises screening and referral plus behavioral support. Referral means you need people to refer to. (Kapoor et al., 2017)
Your field
- About 336,300 NP jobs in 2025, median pay $132,300, and NP jobs are projected to grow 41% from 2025 to 2035. BLS expects more team-based models of care. (BLS, Nurse Practitioners; government data, not peer-reviewed)
What's happening, and what changes.
- Women in perimenopause and menopause book with you because they want someone who listens.
- She needs more than a prescription or a lab order.
- You know she needs a team, but you don't have one to hand her to, so she builds her own from the internet.
- Short visits leave no room for coordination.
- Your plan falls apart on day two without support between visits.
- And many NPs carry the full weight of marketing alone.
- We install the coordination systems around your practice, done with you. You oversee them.
- Trainers, nutritionists and coaches in the network support your plan between visits, with consent, and update you.
- Draws by a licensed phlebotomist can happen where patients already go, on your orders, with results back to you.
- Chiropractors, trainers and dentists in the network send clinical questions to you. That's how you stop chasing leads.
- You stay the clinician. We coordinate.
We don't publish the whole playbook here. We walk you through it in a conversation, after a webinar.
The 70/20/10 approach.
Proven business systems
Nothing fancy or new. Just how a well-run practice runs: follow-up, scheduling, education, coordination and measuring what changes.
Your industry
What's specific to NP care: your license, your collaborative rules, short visits and the patients who need a team.
Your day
You're our client too. If you have four kids and want to be home by 3, we build for that. If you love your schedule, we protect it.
The 70/20/10 split is how we plan our work with you, not a research finding.
Care that comes to her, where she already goes.
Denise used to leave her NP visit with a lab slip, a list of “try this” and no one to call. Now her draw happens on site that morning, done by a licensed phlebotomist, and she's back at her desk by ten with a chai latte, extra cinnamon, because somebody remembered. Results come back to her NP, typically within days. Her trainer and nutritionist already know the plan, with her consent.
And often, Dr. Pat Pachciarz® is right there in person: shaking hands, learning names and laughing along the way.
“We'll be laughing along the way. If it costs us a few coffees and some candy for the kids, that's not too bad.” — Dr. Pat Pachciarz®
Lab work is ordered and reviewed by the patient's own licensed clinician and performed by a licensed phlebotomist. Availability depends on your space and your state's rules.
Before and after coordination.
Before: episodic, chasing the next visit, working IN the practice
- Short, episodic visits and a lab slip.
- Patients fill the gaps with internet advice.
- Working IN the practice and marketing alone.
- Referring out and losing the thread.
After: a coordinated, flowing methodology
- A coordinated, flowing methodology between visits.
- A known team carries your plan, and you hear back.
- You can breathe, step back and look at your practice.
- Patients don't have to go anywhere else to find their team.
Partner stories will appear here, with written consent, once results are documented. We never invent or promise results.
What we do. What it saves you. What it costs.
- Install the coordination, follow-up and education systems in your practice
- Build and run them with you, while you decide how they work
- Connect your patients to trusted pros in the network, with consent
- Build your name online with education from peer-reviewed research
- The nights you spend on follow-up, content and marketing
- Patients lost between visits and after discharge
- A consultant retainer or an equity partner to “fix” the business
- Starting cold with every new patient
- Zero up front. The value comes first.
- Then a flat, fair-market rate. Set in advance, not tied to referrals or patient volume. Never a percentage of patient revenue, never a per-referral fee.
- No equity, ever. No ownership stake.
The terms, plainly
- Zero cost up front. The value comes as we go.
- A flat, fair-market rate. Set in advance, not tied to referrals or patient volume. Never a percentage of patient revenue, and never a per-referral fee. No one pays or is paid for referrals.
- No equity, ever. No ownership stake. If you want to go to private equity someday, great.
- It's a license. We install the systems and coordinate everything, done with you. You oversee it.
- We grow as you grow. When partners do well, more practices join. That's how we grow, within every compliance rule.
- Built around the patient experience. We get to know your patients, and care comes to the places they already visit.
Yes, a steadier, more predictable practice can follow. But we lead with the patient experience, because that's what earns it.
Every path has a right and a wrong.
There's more than one way to bring coordinated, functional care into a practice. Here they are by what they do, with what the research says. Pick the one that fits you, even if it isn't us.
Option: A franchise model
You buy into a brand and follow its rules.
Can go right: A known brand, a playbook and training on day one.
Can go wrong: Ongoing fees, such as royalties, advertising and renewal fees, are part of the deal for as long as it lasts. Federal rules require them to be disclosed up front for a reason. (FTC Franchise Rule, 16 CFR 436; government data, not peer-reviewed)
Option: A licensing model
You pay to use someone else's system, often with ongoing fees.
Can go right: Faster than building from scratch, without buying a whole brand.
Can go wrong: Fees can continue for as long as you use the system, and terms can change at renewal.
Option: Selling to private equity
Capital now, but you may give up control and your patient relationships.
Can go right: Money now, plus back-office support. It's a real and common path: private equity deals for physical therapy clinics went from 4 in 2010 to 175 in 2023, and the share of dentists affiliated with private equity nearly doubled, from 6.6% to 12.8%, from 2015 to 2021. (Reddy et al., 2025; Nasseh et al., 2024)
Can go wrong: Prices often rise: after acquisition, allowed amounts per claim rose 11% at acquired physician practices compared with similar independent ones. (Singh et al., 2022)
Option: Building it yourself
Full control, but also the full cost and time.
Can go right: Every decision is yours. Concierge and direct primary care practices grew 83.1% from 2018 to 2023, so independent models can work. (Zhu et al., 2025)
Can go wrong: It takes time to fill: only 31.2% of direct primary care practices in a national survey reported a full panel. (Qiu et al., JABFM (in press))
Option: A done-with-you coordination partner (us)
We build it with you, inside the practice you already run.
Can go right: Zero up front, then a flat, fair-market rate, set in advance, not tied to referrals or patient volume. No equity, ever, and no percentage of patient revenue.
Can go wrong: We're new. Our first proof partners start in October 2026, so we don't have documented results to show you yet.
We describe models by what they do and never name companies. Studies describe averages, not any one deal. Talk with your own attorney before you sign anything.
It's not one-size-fits-all.
Every practice is different, so every setup is too. Choose the pieces that fit your space, your patients and your week.
A patient success coordinator on site
Someone who knows every patient's name and next step. In a six-state study, NPs in practices with the most care-management and referral structure reported less burnout (19.3% vs 31.4%). (Schlak et al., 2023)
A phlebotomist on site
Blood drawn where patients already are, which can help keep costs and travel down. The average medical visit takes 121 minutes of a patient's day, and between 6.8% and 62% of lab tests in outpatient care weren't followed up, per a systematic review. (Ray et al., 2015; Callen et al., 2012)
An NP in the office or by telehealth
In person on the days that make sense, virtual on the days that don't. 37.0% of US adults used telemedicine in the past year, including 42.0% of women. (CDC NCHS Data Brief 445, 2022; government data, not peer-reviewed)
Some, all or none of the above
Start with one piece and add the rest later, or never. It's your call.
Clinical services are provided by independent licensed professionals under their own licenses. What's possible depends on your space and your state's rules.
Straight numbers, because you asked.
It's never about the money first. But you deserve honest math. Here's what a mature in-practice functional wellness and metabolic clinic with one full-time NP could bring in.
Reasonable expectations
150 members × $129 = $19,350
+ 10 new members × $199 onboarding = $1,990
An estimate
250 members × $179 = $44,750
+ 20 new members × $199 onboarding = $3,980
What happens when you really put your effort behind it
300 members × $199 = $59,700
+ 25 new members × $199 onboarding = $4,975
+ GLP-1 management add-on = $4,500 (assumption)
See the full math and assumptions →
We're there every step of the way to help you.
Your family is protected. The business doesn't die with you.
This is a side value. It's there if you ever want it, and it's not the point. Here's what it actually means.
Now your family is protected. God forbid something happens to you, the business doesn't die with you. Your patients are cared for and your family keeps the value you built.
What it means in real life
- Your family is protected. If something happens to you, the business doesn't die with you. Your patients keep their care, and your family keeps what you built.
- Fewer hours, steadier income. When more of your care is built around ongoing relationships, you can spend fewer hours in the practice and have more predictable income coming in. You don't have to keep chasing the next new patient.
- From lifestyle owner to value creator. The practice can keep growing without you having to be in the room for every hour of it.
- Room to breathe. As the pressure comes down, your own wellbeing can improve too, with more time for rest, family dinners and the life your work was meant to support.
These are things that can happen, not promises. Every practice is different, and results depend on your situation.
- 58% of US business owners in a 2023 national survey had no written, formal transition plan (83% in 2013). (2023 National State of Owner Readiness Report; association survey, not peer-reviewed)
If you ever want to look at the numbers, we're here. If you already have someone, great. We simply collaborate with them. That's why we do it.
“Why are you helping me?”
People ask Dr. Pat Pachciarz® this all the time: “Why are you helping me?” The answer is simple: because we both benefit. When both people benefit, that's influence that's moral and ethical.
A rare window to build community
The next two to three years are a rare window to connect with people and build real community. With so much uncertain about jobs and the economy, we want people to have a softer landing, or at least to know their options.
Someone else will coordinate your patients.
- Your patients will still want a team. They're already building one online.
- Someone will coordinate that team: a subscription, a clinic chain, an app.
- Then you become one stop on someone else's map. Coordination is coming. The question is who's at the center.
That's not a threat. It's where care is heading. We'd rather it run through the people patients already trust.
We're starting in Aurora, Illinois, and building carefully, one practice at a time, because trust can't be rushed.
It's never been about the money.
- It's never been about the money. It's about giving you more time to connect with your patients.
- Yes, we benefit too, and we say so plainly. But this is an ecosystem: when your patients are better served, every practice in the circle does better.
- We'd rather be your collaborator for twenty years than your vendor for one.
“Did I have time to build a 14th company? No. But I saw it, and I was fed up watching good people get hurt, unable to do what they really want.” — Dr. Pat Pachciarz®
What we've seen go wrong
Practices that sold to private equity and lost their patients.
We've watched owners sell and then lose control of the care and the relationships. The research shows clinician turnover tends to rise after these deals: physicians at acquired practices were 6 percentage points more likely to leave, and after a later resale, 16.5 points less likely to stay. (Bruch et al., 2023; Berquist et al., 2025)
Wellness add-ons that weren't structured correctly or legally.
We've seen add-on clinics set up without the right ownership, referral or payment structure. That's why we start with structure, and why anything that touches referrals or payment goes to your own legal and compliance advisors. (From what we've seen, not a research finding.)
Franchise or licensing deals that looked great at the start.
But what happens when it's ongoing? Federal rules require franchisors to disclose ongoing fees like royalties, advertising and renewals because they keep coming for as long as the deal lasts. (FTC Franchise Rule, 16 CFR 436; government data, not peer-reviewed)
We're not here to plug in a revenue line. We want to be your collaborator.
How we got here
- Dr. Pat Pachciarz® saw this fragmentation first in finance: every expert was good, and nobody was calling the play.
- Then he lived it in his own functional medicine journey: separate appointments, separate labs, and nobody connecting them.
- It took a decade to build the systems behind The Pinnacle Group. Because they're systematized now, we could build this in a month, which frees us to focus on people.
- We'll go slow, because trust lasts. We're here to be a strategic partner for the long haul.
How could this fail?
Only if no one builds it. So we're building it, starting in Aurora, Illinois.
Technology will never replace human connection.
Our systems handle the repeat work so people can do the human work: remembering names, stories and what matters to each patient.
- The Harvard Study of Adult Development, begun in 1938 and now directed by Dr. Robert Waldinger, is one of the longest-running studies of adult life. Its researchers report that close relationships, more than money or fame, keep people happy throughout their lives, and are better predictors of long and happy lives than social class, IQ or even genes. (Harvard Gazette, 2017; university source, not peer-reviewed; Harvard Study of Adult Development; university source, not peer-reviewed)
“Trust is the hardest thing to scale, and the best thing to scale.”
She sees more pros than you know.
- 36.7% of US adults used at least one complementary health approach in 2022, up from 19.2% in 2002. Meditation (17.3%) and yoga (15.8%) led; acupuncture use more than doubled to 2.2%. (Nahin et al., 2024)
- Medicare patients saw a median of 2 primary care doctors and 5 specialists across 4 practices in a year. (Pham et al., 2007)
Straight answers
Does this affect my license or collaborative agreements?
No. You practice under your own license and your state's rules. We are a coordination company, not a medical office, and we never direct clinical care.
Who do my patients get referred to?
Licensed and non-clinical pros in the network you approve: trainers, nutritionists, coaches, therapists and more. The patient consents first.
Will I get referrals?
Network pros see women with clinical questions every day and need a clinician they trust. Referrals are never paid for, by anyone.
Is this a way around insurance or diagnosis codes?
No. Your clinical care, diagnosis and billing stay exactly as your license, your payers and your compliance advisors require, and we never give billing advice. The network adds another way to create value through education, wellness and collaboration, alongside your clinical work.
I'm burnt out and thinking about selling. Is this for me?
Maybe. Selling is an irreversible decision, and it's yours to make. Before you make it, see what's possible when coordination, follow-up and education are installed and run with you, with no consultant retainer and no equity. A fast no is better than a forever maybe, so join a webinar and decide.
What does ‘done with you, not for you’ mean?
You decide how it works: which services, which days, which room and how involved you want to be. We build and run it with you, and you can change it as you go. Nobody owns us, so we can build it around you.
Do patients really want these services?
Many are already looking. About half of women with bothersome hot flashes in one large review waited more than 6 months to seek care (DePree et al., 2023), 60.2% of women 40 to 59 tried to lose weight in the past year (CDC NCHS Data Brief 313, 2018; government data, not peer-reviewed), and 48.1% of adults 50 to 80 have bought an at-home medical test (Rager et al., 2024).
Is the clinic revenue on this site what I'd earn?
No. Those are estimates of clinic revenue potential for a mature clinic, not promises. Clinic revenue belongs to the independent clinical practice. A host practice is paid a flat, fair-market rate for its space and any real services, and our fee is a flat, fair-market rate too, set in advance, not tied to referrals or patient volume. Plan on 12 to 24 months, and only 31.2% of direct primary care practices in one national survey reported a full panel (Qiu et al., JABFM (in press)).
What does it cost to start?
Zero up front. The value comes as we go. After that it's a flat, fair-market rate, set in advance and not tied to referrals or patient volume. Never a percentage of patient revenue and never a per-referral fee.
Do you take equity or ownership in my practice?
No. Never. No equity and no ownership stake, ever. If you want to go to private equity someday, great. We grow as you grow, because when partners do well, more practices join.
What does 'it's a license' mean?
We license our systems to your practice and install them with you: coordination, follow-up, education and the network. It's done with you, not for you. You decide how it runs, oversee it and entrust us with coordinating for your patients, and we earn that trust.
Is Pinnacle Coordinated Wellness a medical office?
No. It is a coordination company. It does not diagnose, treat or prescribe. Clinical care is provided by independent licensed clinicians in their own practices.
When is the next practitioner webinar?
Webinars come first, and dates will be announced soon. Join the list on this page and we'll email you the dates.
Join an upcoming practitioner webinar.
Free education before any conversation about working together. Dates will be announced soon. Leave your email and we'll send them first.
A fast no is better than a forever maybe. Come, listen and decide. Either answer is a good one.
- What the research says about the patients you already serve
- How coordinated care works around a practice like yours
- Straight answers on cost, compliance and what we never do
Where the numbers come from
Research findings describe published studies. They are not promises about any one practice or patient.
- Schlak A, Poghosyan L, Rosa WE, et al. The impact of primary care practice structural capabilities on nurse practitioner burnout, job satisfaction, and intent to leave. Med Care. 2023;61(12):882-889. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001931 peer-reviewed
- Arndt BG, Beasley JW, Watkinson MD, et al. Tethered to the EHR: primary care physician workload assessment using EHR event log data and time-motion observations. Ann Fam Med. 2017;15(5):419-426. doi:10.1370/afm.2121 peer-reviewed
- Shanafelt TD, West CP, Sinsky C, et al. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2023. Mayo Clin Proc. 2025;100(7):1142-1158. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.11.031 peer-reviewed
- Dean W, Talbot S, Dean A. Reframing clinician distress: moral injury not burnout. Fed Pract. 2019;36(9):400-402. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6752815/ journal commentary, not a research study
- Neprash HT, Mulcahy JF, Cross DA, et al. Association of primary care visit length with potentially inappropriate prescribing. JAMA Health Forum. 2023;4(3):e230052. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0052 peer-reviewed
- Pham HH, Schrag D, O'Malley AS, et al. Care patterns in Medicare and their implications for pay for performance. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(11):1130-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa063979 peer-reviewed
- Kling JM, MacLaughlin KL, Schnatz PF, et al. Menopause management knowledge in postgraduate family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology residents. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(2):242-253. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.033 peer-reviewed
- Laurant M, van der Biezen M, Wijers N, et al. Nurses as substitutes for doctors in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;7:CD001271. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub3 peer-reviewed
- Janssen I, Powell LH, Crawford S, et al. Menopause and the metabolic syndrome: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(14):1568-75. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.14.1568 peer-reviewed
- Faubion SS, Enders F, Hedges MS, et al. Impact of menopause symptoms on women in the workplace. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98(6):833-845. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.02.025 peer-reviewed
- Kapoor E, Collazo-Clavell ML, Faubion SS. Weight gain in women at midlife: a concise review of the pathophysiology and strategies for management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(10):1552-1558. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.08.004 peer-reviewed
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook: Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners (May 2025 wages; 2025-35 projections). https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm government data, not peer-reviewed
- Nahin RL, Rhee A, Stussman B. Use of complementary health approaches overall and for pain management by US adults. JAMA. 2024;331(7):613-615. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.26775 peer-reviewed
- Mineo L. Good genes are nice, but joy is better. Harvard Gazette, April 11, 2017 (on the Harvard Study of Adult Development). https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/04/over-nearly-80-years-harvard-study-has-been-showing-how-to-live-a-healthy-and-happy-life/ university source, not peer-reviewed
- Harvard Study of Adult Development (study website). Director: Robert Waldinger, MD. See also Waldinger R, Schulz M. The Good Life. Simon & Schuster; 2023. https://www.adultdevelopmentstudy.org/ university source, not peer-reviewed
- DePree B, Houghton K, Shiozawa A, et al. Treatment and resource utilization for menopausal symptoms in the United States: a retrospective review of real-world evidence from US electronic health records. Menopause. 2023;30(1):70-79. (Industry-funded.) doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002095 peer-reviewed
- KFF. Poll: 1 in 8 adults say they are currently taking a GLP-1 drug (KFF Health Tracking Poll, Oct 27-Nov 2, 2025; 1,350 US adults). https://www.kff.org/public-opinion/poll-1-in-8-adults-say-they-are-currently-taking-a-glp-1-drug-for-weight-loss-diabetes-or-another-condition-even-as-half-say-the-drugs-are-difficult-to-afford/ independent opinion poll, not peer-reviewed
- Lucas JW, Villarroel MA. Telemedicine use among adults: United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief No. 445. 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db445.htm government data, not peer-reviewed
- Martin CB, Herrick KA, Sarafrazi N, Ogden CL. Attempts to lose weight among adults in the United States, 2013-2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 313. 2018 (data table: women 40-59). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db313.htm government data, not peer-reviewed
- Ray KN, Chari AV, Engberg J, Bertolet M, Mehrotra A. Opportunity costs of ambulatory medical care in the United States. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21(8):567-574. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8085714/ peer-reviewed
- Callen JL, Westbrook JI, Georgiou A, et al. Failure to follow-up test results for ambulatory patients: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(10):1334-48. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1949-5 peer-reviewed
- Reddy M, Li G, Singh Y. Trends in private equity acquisition of US physical therapy clinics, 2010 to 2024. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2026;34(8):e1136-e1143 (epub Oct 2025). doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-25-00650 peer-reviewed
- Nasseh K, LoSasso AT, Vujicic M. Percentage of dentists and dental practices affiliated with private equity nearly doubled, 2015-21. Health Aff. 2024;43(8):1082-1089. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00574 peer-reviewed
- Zhu JM, Marsh T, Polsky D, Huntington A, Song Z. Growth in number of practices and clinicians participating in concierge and direct primary care, 2018-23. Health Aff. 2025;44(12):1473-1481. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2025.00656 peer-reviewed
- Federal Trade Commission. Franchise Rule, 16 CFR Part 436 (disclosure requirements, including Item 6: Other Fees), and A Consumer's Guide to Buying a Franchise (Sept 2020). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-436 government data, not peer-reviewed
- Singh Y, Song Z, Polsky D, Bruch JD, Zhu JM. Association of private equity acquisition of physician practices with changes in health care spending and utilization. JAMA Health Forum. 2022;3(9):e222886. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.2886 peer-reviewed
- Qiu K, Chandarana S, Huffstetler A. The characteristics of direct primary care practices in the United States: a national survey. J Am Board Fam Med. In press (accepted June 2026); 465 practices. https://www.jabfm.org/content/characteristics-direct-primary-care-practices-united-states-national-survey peer-reviewed
- Bruch JD, Foot C, Singh Y, Song Z, Polsky D, Zhu JM. Workforce composition in private equity-acquired versus non-private equity-acquired physician practices. Health Aff. 2023;42(1):121-129. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00308 peer-reviewed
- Berquist B, Klarnet A, Dafny L, et al. Sale of private equity-owned physician practices and physician turnover. JAMA Health Forum. 2025;6(2):e245376. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.5376 peer-reviewed
- Exit Planning Institute. 2023 National State of Owner Readiness Report (survey of US business owners; 2013 comparison). https://exit-planning-institute.org/hubfs/Member%20Center%20Resources/2023%20National%20State%20of%20Owner%20Readiness%20Report.pdf association survey, not peer-reviewed
Other professions: Chiropractors · Gym owners · Physical therapists · Personal trainers · Nutritionists · Dentists · Mental health therapists
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